您的孩子已经知道如何陈述和提问。但您知道句子也可以显示谁在做动作以及说话者的态度吗？语态告诉我们主语是执行动作还是接受动作。语气告诉我们句子是事实、命令还是愿望。掌握小学生常用的前 100 个语态和语气模式，可以帮助孩子们精确地表达自己，并理解他们在阅读内容中的细微差别。本指南将解释什么是语态和语气，列出最重要的例子，并展示如何在家里练习。
什么是语态和语气？
语态和语气是两个不同的语法概念，它们影响句子表达含义的方式。语态告诉我们主语和动作之间的关系。语气告诉我们说话者对他们所说内容的态度。
语态在英语中有两种形式。主动语态是指主语执行动作。“The dog chased the cat.”（狗追猫。）被动语态是指主语接受动作。“The cat was chased by the dog.”（猫被狗追。）重点从谁做了什么变成了发生了什么。
语气在英语中有三种主要形式。陈述语气陈述事实或提出问题。“The sky is blue.”（天空是蓝色的。）“Are you coming?”（你来吗？）祈使语气给出命令。“Sit down.”（坐下。）“Please be quiet.”（请安静。）虚拟语气表达愿望、假设情况或不真实的事情。“I wish I were taller.”（我希望我更高。）“If I were you, I would go.”（如果我是你，我会去。）
小学生常用的前 100 个语态和语气模式包括主动语态和被动语态的例子，以及所有三种语气。
意义和解释：为什么语态和语气很重要
理解语态和语气可以帮助孩子们更精确地使用语言。他们可以选择关注执行者还是动作。他们可以适当地表达事实、命令和愿望。
想想语态的区别。“The boy broke the window”（男孩打破了窗户）侧重于男孩。“The window was broken”（窗户被打破了）侧重于窗户。说话者选择要强调的内容。有时执行者是未知的或不重要的。“My bike was stolen.”（我的自行车被偷了。）我们不知道是谁偷的，所以被动语态更好。
语气会影响我们交流的方式。陈述语气分享信息。“I am hungry.”（我饿了。）祈使语气告诉某人该做什么。“Eat your dinner.”（吃晚饭。）虚拟语气表达愿望。“I wish I were already done.”（我希望我已经完成了。）每种语气都有其存在的意义。
在阅读中，识别语态和语气可以帮助孩子们理解文本。被动语态可能用于新闻报道。虚拟语气出现在关于愿望和假设情况的故事中。理解这些模式可以提高理解力。
小学生常用的前 100 个语态和语气模式让孩子们练习所有这些形式。
类别或列表：前 100 个语态和语气示例
以下是小学生常用的前 100 个语态和语气示例，按类别分组。这些是孩子们最常用和遇到的模式。
主动语态句子 (25)：The dog chased the cat. Mom baked cookies. The children play outside. I read a book. She sings beautifully. He kicked the ball. They built a fort. We watched a movie. The sun shines brightly. The rain fell softly. The teacher helped me. My friend called me. The bird built a nest. The artist painted a picture. The musician played a song. I love my family. She wants a puppy. He needs help. They have a ball. We eat dinner together. The car hit the tree. The wind blew the leaves. The fire burned the wood. The water filled the glass. The bell rings loudly. 在主动语态中，主语执行动作。
被动语态句子 (25)：The cat was chased by the dog. The cookies were baked by Mom. The game was played by the children. The book was read by me. The song was sung by her. The ball was kicked by him. The fort was built by them. The movie was watched by us. The cake was eaten by the children. The window was broken by the ball. The letter was written by my grandma. The picture was drawn by my sister. The test was taken by the students. The prize was won by our team. The door was opened by the wind. The lights were turned off by Dad. The bed was made by my brother. The dishes were washed by my sister. The car was fixed by the mechanic. The house was painted by the workers. The food was cooked by the chef. The song was written by the musician. The story was told by the teacher. The game was won by our team. The race was run by many people. 在被动语态中，主语接受动作。
陈述语气句子 (20)：I am happy today. The sky is blue. She likes pizza. He plays soccer. They are my friends. We live in a house. The sun rises in the east. Water freezes at zero degrees. Dogs bark. Cats meow. Birds fly. Fish swim. The store closes at nine. School starts at eight. My birthday is in June. I have a dog. She has a cat. He has a bike. They have a car. We have fun together. 这些陈述事实或提出问题。
祈使语气句子 (15)：Sit down. Stand up. Please be quiet. Listen carefully. Look at me. Raise your hand. Open your book. Close the door. Please pass the salt. Eat your dinner. Brush your teeth. Go to sleep. Wake up. Come here. Help me, please. 这些给出命令或提出请求。
虚拟语气句子 (15)：I wish I were taller. I wish I had a million dollars. If I were you, I would go. I suggest that he study harder. I recommend that she be on time. It is important that you be careful. If only it would stop raining. I wish you were here. If he were here, he would help. I wish I could fly. If I had known, I would have told you. I wish it were summer. I demand that he apologize. It is essential that she arrive early. I wish I were a bird. 这些表达愿望、假设或不真实的事情。
小学生常用的前 100 个语态和语气模式包括这些基本示例。孩子们将在阅读中遇到它们，并在复杂的写作中使用它们。
日常生活示例：我们周围的语态和语气
语态和语气出现在一天中的不同情况下。指出它们可以帮助孩子们看到这些模式是真实语言的一部分。
在早晨的日常生活中，我们使用主动语态和祈使语气。“I woke up.”（主动）“Brush your teeth.”（祈使）“I wish I could sleep longer.”（虚拟）
在用餐期间，我们使用陈述语气来表达事实。“This soup is hot.”（这汤很热。）“I like chicken.”（我喜欢鸡肉。）我们使用祈使语气来提出请求。“Please pass the salt.”（请递盐。）我们可能会使用虚拟语气来表达愿望。“I wish we had pizza.”（我希望我们有披萨。）
在乘车时，我们使用主动语态进行观察。“I see a big truck.”（我看到一辆大卡车。）当执行者未知时，可以使用被动语态。“The road was closed.”（道路被封锁。）祈使语气给出指示。“Turn left here.”（在这里左转。）
在学校，老师们不断使用祈使语气。“Open your books.”（打开你们的书。）“Listen carefully.”（仔细听。）学生们使用陈述语气来回答。“The answer is 42.”（答案是 42。）虚拟语气出现在愿望中。“I wish I had studied more.”（我希望我学得更多。）
在故事中，所有语态和语气都会出现。“The dragon was feared by everyone.”（被动）“Run for your lives!”（祈使）“If I were braver, I would fight.”（虚拟）识别这些模式可以帮助孩子们理解故事。
小学生常用的前 100 个语态和语气模式可以帮助孩子们注意到并使用这些表达形式。
可打印的抽认卡：学习的视觉工具
抽认卡使语态和语气具体化。一起创建和使用它们可以将学习变成一项活动。以下是使用抽认卡练习语态和语气的一些方法。
创建卡片，一面写上句子，另一面标上语态或语气。“The dog chased the cat.”（狗追猫。）在正面。“Active Voice”（主动语态）在背面。“The cat was chased by the dog.”（猫被狗追。）在正面。“Passive Voice”（被动语态）在背面。“I am happy.”（我很高兴。）在正面。“Indicative Mood”（陈述语气）在背面。“Sit down.”（坐下。）在正面。“Imperative Mood”（祈使语气）在背面。“I wish I were taller.”（我希望我更高。）在正面。“Subjunctive Mood”（虚拟语气）在背面。您的孩子阅读句子并识别语态或语气。
创建语态转换卡，一面是主动语态，另一面是被动语态。“The dog chased the cat.”（狗追猫。）在正面。“The cat was chased by the dog.”（猫被狗追。）在背面。“Mom baked cookies.”（妈妈烤了饼干。）在正面。“Cookies were baked by Mom.”（饼干是妈妈烤的。）在背面。练习从主动语态变为被动语态。
创建显示不同语气的语气卡。一张带有例子的陈述语气卡。一张带有例子的祈使语气卡。一张带有例子的虚拟语气卡。您的孩子将句子分类到正确的语气类别中。
创建描述您将使用每种语态或语气的情况的情境卡。“您想关注发生了什么，而不是谁做的。”使用被动语态。“您想发出命令。”使用祈使语气。“您想表达愿望。”使用虚拟语气。您的孩子选择正确的形式。
学习活动或游戏：让语态和语气变得有趣
游戏将语法变成游戏。以下是一些帮助孩子们以有趣的方式练习前 100 个语态和语气模式的游戏。
主动-被动切换游戏：给您的孩子主动语态的句子，让他们将其改为被动语态。“The dog chased the cat.”（狗追猫。）变为“The cat was chased by the dog.”（猫被狗追。）“Mom baked cookies.”（妈妈烤了饼干。）变为“Cookies were baked by Mom.”（饼干是妈妈烤的。）然后尝试将被动语态改为主动语态。
语气识别游戏：说出句子，让您的孩子识别语气。“I am happy.”（我很高兴。）是陈述语气。“Sit down.”（坐下。）是祈使语气。“I wish I were taller.”（我希望我更高。）是虚拟语气。看看他们是否能识别所有三种语气。
语态和语气宾果游戏：创建宾果卡，在每个方格中都有语态和语气术语。说出句子。“The dog chased the cat.”（狗追猫。）您的孩子覆盖“Active Voice”（主动语态）。“The cat was chased by the dog.”（猫被狗追。）您的孩子覆盖“Passive Voice”（被动语态）。“Sit down.”（坐下。）您的孩子覆盖“Imperative Mood”（祈使语气）。“I wish I were taller.”（我希望我更高。）您的孩子覆盖“Subjunctive Mood”（虚拟语气）。第一个连成一条线的获胜者。
完成句子游戏：用不同的语态和语气开始句子，让您的孩子完成它们。“The cookies were baked by...”（被动）“If I were a bird...”（虚拟）“Please...”（祈使）“The sun...”（陈述主动）这可以培养句子完成技能。
语态和语气寻宝游戏：一起阅读一本书，搜索不同的语态和语气。找到一个主动语态的句子。找到一个被动语态的句子。找到一个陈述语气的句子。找到一个祈使语气的句子。找到一个虚拟语气的句子。讨论作者为什么选择每一个。
用语态和语气构建故事：一起构建一个故事，其中每个人都添加一个带有指定语态或语气的句子。第一个人添加一个主动语态的句子。第二个人添加一个被动语态的句子。第三个人添加一个祈使语气的句子。第四个人添加一个虚拟语气的句子。故事在进行语法练习的同时不断发展。
愿望或命令游戏：说出句子，让您的孩子决定它们是愿望（虚拟）还是命令（祈使）。“If I were rich”（如果我有钱）是一个愿望。“Sit down”（坐下）是一个命令。“I wish it were summer”（我希望是夏天）是一个愿望。“Please be quiet”（请安静）是一个命令。这可以培养对语气差异的理解。
主动-被动排序：在卡片上写句子。让您的孩子将它们分成两堆：主动语态和被动语态。然后讨论作者可能选择每一个的原因。
当您的孩子熟悉小学生常用的前 100 个语态和语气模式时，他们的语言会变得更加细微和富有表现力。他们可以选择关注执行者还是动作。他们可以适当地表达事实、命令和愿望。他们的阅读理解力会加深，因为他们理解了语态和语气所传达的微妙含义。语态和语气是精确交流的高级工具。保持练习与真实的阅读和写作相关。指出新闻文章中的被动语态。注意关于愿望的故事中的虚拟语气。庆祝您的孩子正确使用新的语态或语气。这些语法选择将帮助他们准确地表达他们的意思。